rapid experimental evolution of pesticide resistance in c. elegans entails no costs and affects the mating system杀虫剂耐药性的快速进化实验在秀丽隐杆线虫需要没有成本和影响交配系统.pdfVIP

Rapid Experimental Evolution of Pesticide Resistance in C. elegans Entails No Costs and Affects the Mating System 1,2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ˜ 2,3 Patricia C. Lopes , Elio Sucena , M. Emı lia Santos , Sara Magalhaes * ´ ´ 1 Programa Graduado em Areas da Biologia Basica e Aplicada (GABBA), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2 Centro de Biologia do ˆ ˆ Desenvolvimento, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal, 3 Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon Abstract Pesticide resistance is a major concern in natural populations and a model trait to study adaptation. Despite the importance of this trait, the dynamics of its evolution and of its ecological consequences remain largely unstudied. To fill this gap, we performed experimental evolution with replicated populations of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to the pesticide Levamisole during 20 generations. Exposure to Levamisole resulted in decreased survival, fecundity and male frequency, which declined from 30% to zero. This was not due to differential susceptibility of males. Rather, the drug affected mobility, resulting in fewer encounters, probably leading to reduced outcrossing rates. Adaptation, i.e., increased survival and fecundity, occurred within 10 and 20 generations, respectively. Male frequency also increased by generation 20. Adaptation costs were undetected in the ancestral environment and in presence of Ivermectin, an