rapid global expansion of invertebrate fisheries trends, drivers, and ecosystem effects无脊椎动物渔业的快速全球扩张的趋势,司机,和生态系统的影响.pdfVIP

Rapid Global Expansion of Invertebrate Fisheries: Trends, Drivers, and Ecosystem Effects 1 2 3 1 Sean C. Anderson *, Joanna Mills Flemming , Reg Watson , Heike K. Lotze 1 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 3 Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Abstract Background: Worldwide, finfish fisheries are receiving increasing assessment and regulation, slowly leading to more sustainable exploitation and rebuilding. In their wake, invertebrate fisheries are rapidly expanding with little scientific scrutiny despite increasing socio-economic importance. Methods and Findings: We provide the first global evaluation of the trends, drivers, and population and ecosystem consequences of invertebrate fisheries based on a global catch database in combination with taxa-specific reviews. We also develop new methodologies to quantify temporal and spatial trends in resource status and fishery development. Since 1950, global invertebrate catches have increased 6-fold with 1.5 times more countries fishing and double the taxa reported. By 2004, 34% of invertebrate fisheries were over-exploited, collapsed, or closed. New fisheries have developed increasingly rapidly, with a decrease of 6 years ( +3 years) in time to peak from the 1950s to 1990s. Moreover, some fisheries have expanded further and further away from their driving market, encompassing a global fishery by the 1990s. 71% of taxa (53% of catches) are harvested with habitat-destructive gear, and many provide important ecosystem functio