refining the ciona intestinalis model of central nervous system regeneration细化ciona intestinalis中枢神经系统再生的模型.pdfVIP

Refining the Ciona intestinalis Model of Central Nervous System Regeneration 1. ´ ` 2. 1 3 1 ´ Carl Dahlberg *, Helene Auger *, Sam Dupont , Yasunori Sasakura , Mike Thorndyke , Jean-Stephane Joly2 ¨ ¨ ` ` ´ 1 Department of Marine Ecology, Goteborg University, Fiskebackskil, Sweden, 2 U1126/INRA ÆÆMorphogenese du systeme nerveux des chordesææ group, DEPSN, UPR2197, Institut Fessard, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France, 3 Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan Abstract Background: New, practical models of central nervous system regeneration are required and should provide molecular tools and resources. We focus here on the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, which has the capacity to regenerate nerves and a complete adult central nervous system, a capacity unusual in the chordate phylum. We investigated the timing and sequence of events during nervous system regeneration in this organism. Methodology/Principal Findings: We developed techniques for reproducible ablations and for imaging live cellular events in tissue explants. Based on live observations of more than 100 regenerating animals, we subdivided the regeneration process into four stages. Regeneration was functional, as shown by the sequential recovery of reflexes that established new criteria for defining regeneration rates. We used transgenic animals and labeled nucleotide analogs to describe in detail the early cellular events at the tip of the regenerating nerves and the first appearance of the new adult ganglion anlage. Conclusions/Significance: The rate