rethinking ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change反思生态系统复原能力面对气候变化.pdfVIP

Perspective Rethinking Ecosystem Resilience in the Face of Climate Change ˆ ´ Isabelle M. Cote*, Emily S. Darling Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada Resilience is usually defined as the mentation. It is therefore not surprising inated by fleshy macroalgae [13] but other capacity of an ecosystem to absorb distur- that the concept of resilience—to climate alternative states are possible [20]—only bance without shifting to an alternative change in particular—is perhaps more at high levels of climate disturbance state and losing function and services strongly advocated as an underpinning of (Figure 1A). As non-climatic, local distur- [1–3]. The concept therefore encompasses management for coral reefs than for any bances degrade the original ecosystem two separate processes: resistance—the other ecosystem [9,11–16]. Marine re- (Figure 1A; open block arrows), the tipping magnitude of disturbance that causes a serves or no-take areas, the most popular point in response to climate change shifts change in structure—and recovery—the form of spatial management for coral reef to the left (Figure 1A; black arrows), speed of return to the original structure conservation, are widely thought to have making the ecosystem less resistant to [4,5]—which are fundamentally different the potential to increase coral reef resil- climate disturbance. Management that but rarely distinguished. Yet, resilience has ience [11,13,14,17]. But do they really? seeks to control