rubella epidemics and genotypic distribution of the rubella virus in shandong province, china, in 1999–2010风疹流行和风疹病毒的基因型分布在山东省,中国,1999 - 2010年.pdfVIP

Rubella Epidemics and Genotypic Distribution of the Rubella Virus in Shandong Province, China, in 1999–2010 1. 2. 1 1 1 1 1 Changyin Wang , Zhen Zhu , Qing Xu , Aiqiang Xu *, Xueqiang Fang , Lizhi Song , Weixiu Li , 1 2 Ping Xiong , Wenbo Xu * 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jingshi Road, Jinan, People’s Republic of China, 2 WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract Background: The rubella vaccine was introduced into the immunization program in 1995 in the Shandong province, China. A series of different rubella vaccination strategies were implemented at different stages of measles control in Shandong province. Methodology/Principal Findings: The average reported incidence rate of rubella cases remained at a low level in Shandong province after 1999. However, rubella epidemics occurred repeatedly in 2001/2002, 2006, and 2008/2009. The age of the onset of rubella cases gradually increased during 1999–2010, which showed that most cases were found among the 10 years old in 1999 and among the 17 years old in 2010. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the World Health Organization standard sequence window for rubella virus isolates. All rubella viruses isolated in Shandong province were divided into 4 genotypes: 1E, 1F, 2A, and 2B. Genotype 1E viruses accounted for the majority (79%) of all these viruses. The similarity of nucleotide and amino acid