run-off replication of host-adaptability genes is associated with gene transfer agents in the genome of mouse-infecting bartonella grahamii径流复制host-adaptability基因与基因组的基因转移代理mouse-infecting巴尔通氏体属grahamii.pdfVIP

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run-off replication of host-adaptability genes is associated with gene transfer agents in the genome of mouse-infecting bartonella grahamii径流复制host-adaptability基因与基因组的基因转移代理mouse-infecting巴尔通氏体属grahamii.pdf

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run-off replication of host-adaptability genes is associated with gene transfer agents in the genome of mouse-infecting bartonella grahamii径流复制host-adaptability基因与基因组的基因转移代理mouse-infecting巴尔通氏体属grahamii

Run-Off Replication of Host-Adaptability Genes Is Associated with Gene Transfer Agents in the Genome of Mouse-Infecting Bartonella grahamii 1 1¤a 1¤b 1¤c Eva C. Berglund , A. Carolin Frank , Alexandra Calteau , Olga Vinnere Pettersson , Fredrik 1 1 ¨ 1 2 1{ Granberg , Ann-Sofie Eriksson , Kristina Naslund , Martin Holmberg , Hillevi Lindroos , Siv G. E. Andersson1* 1 Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2 Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Abstract The genus Bartonella comprises facultative intracellular bacteria adapted to mammals, including previously recognized and emerging human pathogens. We report the 2,341,328 bp genome sequence of Bartonella grahamii, one of the most prevalent Bartonella species in wild rodents. Comparative genomics revealed that rodent-associated Bartonella species have higher copy numbers of genes for putative host-adaptability factors than the related human-specific pathogens. Many of these gene clusters are located in a highly dynamic region of 461 kb. Using hybridization to a microarray designed for the B. grahamii genome, we observed a massive, putatively phage-derived run-off replication of this region. We also identified a novel gene transfer agent, which packages the bacterial genome, with an over-representation of the amplified DNA, in 14 kb pieces. This is the first observation associating the products of