some causes of the variable shape of flocks of birds一些变量的形状的原因成群的鸟.pdfVIP

Some Causes of the Variable Shape of Flocks of Birds Charlotte K. Hemelrijk*, Hanno Hildenbrandt Behavioural Ecology and Self-Organisation, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract Flocks of birds are highly variable in shape in all contexts (while travelling, avoiding predation, wheeling above the roost). Particularly amazing in this respect are the aerial displays of huge flocks of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) above the sleeping site at dawn. The causes of this variability are hardly known, howev