signal detection on the battlefield priming self-protection vs. revenge-mindedness differentially modulates the detection of enemies and allies信号检测在战场上启动自我保护与revenge-mindedness不同调节的敌人和盟友的检测.pdfVIP

Signal Detection on the Battlefield: Priming Self-Protection vs. Revenge-Mindedness Differentially Modulates the Detection of Enemies and Allies 1 2 3 4 D. Vaughn Becker *, Chad R. Mortensen , Joshua M. Ackerman , Jenessa R. Shapiro , 1 1 5 6 6 Uriah S. Anderson , Takao Sasaki , Jon K. Maner , Steven L. Neuberg , Douglas T. Kenrick 1 Department of Technological Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Metropolitan State College of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America, 3 Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, 5 Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America, 6 Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America Abstract Detecting signs that someone is a member of a hostile outgroup can depend on very subtle cues. How do ecology-relevant motivational states affect such detections? This research investigated the detection of briefly-presented enemy (versus friend) insignias after participants were primed to be self-protective or revenge-minded. Despite being told to ignore the objectively nondiagnostic cues of ethnicity (Arab vs. Western/European), gender, and facial expressions of the targets, both priming manipulations enhanced biases to see Arab males as enemies. They also reduced the ability t