sensitivity and bias in decision-making under risk evaluating the perception of reward, its probability and value敏感性和偏见在决策风险评估奖励的看法,其概率和价值.pdfVIP

Sensitivity and Bias in Decision-Making under Risk: Evaluating the Perception of Reward, Its Probability and Value 1 1,2 1,2 1,2,3 Madeleine E. Sharp *, Jayalakshmi Viswanathan , Linda J. Lanyon , Jason J. S. Barton 1 Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 3 Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Abstract Background: There are few clinical tools that assess decision-making under risk. Tests that characterize sensitivity and bias in decisions between prospects varying in magnitude and probability of gain may provide insights in conditions with anomalous reward-related behaviour. Objective: We designed a simple test of how subjects integrate information about the magnitude and the probability of reward, which can determine discriminative thresholds and choice bias in decisions under risk. Design/Methods: Twenty subjects were required to choose between two explicitly described prospects, one with higher probability but lower magnitude of reward than the other, with the difference in expected value between the two prospects varying from 3 to 23%. Results: Subjects showed a mean threshold sensitivity of 43% difference in expected value. Regarding choice bias, there was a ‘risk premium’ of 38%, indicating a tendency to choose higher probability over higher reward. An analysis using prospect theory showed that this risk premium is the predicted outcome of hypothesized non-linearities in the subjective p