遗传学概念及理论英的文版.pptVIP

Genetics Notes Who is Gregor Mendel? Principle of Independent Assortment – Inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another trait;Traits Genetics – study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring;Traits are determined by the genes on the chromosomes. A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a trait.;;Gene for eye color (blue eyes);Dominant and Recessive Genes Gene that prevents the other gene from “showing” – dominant Gene that does NOT “show” even though it is present – recessive Symbol – Dominant gene – upper case letter – T Recessive gene – lower case letter – t;Example: Straight thumb is dominant to hitchhiker thumb T = straight thumb t = hitchhikers thumb (Always use the same letter for the same alleles— No S = straight, h = hitchhiker’s) ;Both genes of a pair are the same – homozygous or purebred TT – homozygous dominant tt – homozygous recessive One dominant and one recessive gene – heterozygous or hybrid Tt – heterozygous;Genotype and Phenotype Combination of genes an organism has (actual gene makeup) – genotype Ex: TT, Tt, tt Physical appearance resulting from gene make-up – phenotype Ex: hitchhiker’s thumb or straight thumb;White fur (b);;;;1 brown and curly;;Sex Determination People – 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs 22 pairs are homologous (look alike) – called autosomes – determine body traits 1 pair is the sex chromosomes – determines sex (male or female) Females – sex chromosomes are homologous (look alike) – label XX Males – sex chromosomes are different – label XY;;Incomplete dominance and Codominance When one allele is NOT completely dominant over another (they blend) – incomplete dominance Example: In carnations the color red (R) is incompletely dominant over white (W). The hybrid color is pink. Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratio from a cross between 2 pink flowers. RW X RW ;When both alleles are expressed – Codominance Example: In certain chic