呼吸慢支炎（Respiratory chronic bronchitis）.docVIP

呼吸慢支炎（Respiratory chronic bronchitis） Unit 1 chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic bronchitis (1) etiology and pathogenesis: it is considered that infection and non infection are caused by long-term effects of many factors. 1. infection: the development of this disease is one of the important factors, that is, the development of drama disease. The pathogens are mainly bacteria and viruses. The most common bacteria are Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus A and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The first two kinds of bacteria may be the most important pathogens of acute attack of this disease. 2. non infectious factors (1) smoking: an important factor for the onset of the disease 1): mucosal squamous metaplasia, cilia movement weakened, phagocytic function decreased; gland hypertrophy, mucous secretion increase; hyperemia and edema, easy to secondary infection. 2) bronchospasm. 3) the ability of bronchial purification is weakened. (2) physical and chemical factors: occupational dust, air pollution, cold climate and so on. (3) other: allergic reaction, autonomic nerve dysfunction, nutrition, heredity, etc.. (two) clinical manifestation, classification and staging 1. clinical manifestations: chronic onset, recurrent attacks, progressive exacerbation. (1) symptoms: chronic cough, expectoration or wheezing (2) signs: when the acute infection occurs, there is a dry and wet rales on the back and lung, and wheezing and wheezing. 2. types: simple type and wheezing type. 3. stages (1) acute attack stage: acute infection occurred within 1 weeks (2) chronic deferment: symptoms persist for more than 1 months (3) clinical remission stage: the symptoms are mild or almost disappear and keep for more than 2 months. (three) complications: obstructive emphysema is the most common complication. (four) auxiliary examination; 1. chest X-ray examination: early no abnormalities, lung markings, weight gain, thickening, disorder, emphysema......