呼吸测量法（Respiration measurement）.docVIP

呼吸测量法（Respiration measurement） Observation and measurement of respiration First, the observation of normal breathing and physiological changes In the process of metabolism, the organism needs to absorb oxygen from the outside and emit carbon dioxide. The gas exchange between the organism and the environment is called respiration. The whole process of breathing consists of three components, namely, external respiration, the transport of gases in the blood and internal respiration. Respiratory movement is a general manifestation of external respiration, including inhalation and expiration of two processes. (a) normal breathing normal breathing for chest wall automatically, the frequency and depth of steady, rhythmic fluctuations, breathing a breath. Adults are 16-20 times per minute at quiet, and the ratio of respiration rate to pulse rate is about 1:4. (two) physiological changes, respiration can change with frequency, depth and change with age, exercise, emotion and other factors. The younger you are, the faster you breathe; the older person is slower; breathing increases during labor and emotional activity; rest and sleep are slower. In addition, the frequency and depth of breathing can also be controlled by consciousness. Two 、 observation and nursing of abnormal breathing The frequency, rhythm, and depth of respiration can be varied by the effects of disease, poison, or drugs. (I) frequency abnormality 1. faster breathing respiratory rate increased, adults more than 24 times per minute, called faster breathing or shortness of breath (Figure 8 - 9). Be seen in high fever, hypoxia and other patients. Because of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood, lack of oxygen, can stimulate the respiratory center, so that breathing faster. When heating, the body temperature rises by 1 DEG C, and respiration increases by about 4 minutes per minute. 2. slow breathing, decreased breathing rate, adults less than 10 minutes per minute, called respiratory slowed down. It i