toefl听力背景资料（TOEFL listening background information）.docVIP

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toefl听力背景资料（TOEFL listening background information）.doc

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toefl听力背景资料（TOEFL listening background information）

toefl听力背景资料（TOEFL listening background information） mercury pollution Mercury is the only liquid metal element at room temperature. In nature most of mercury and sulfur form (HgS), also known as cinnabar Cinnebar or cinnabar, widely distributed in the earths crust. Cinnebar and partial crystal is cinnabar mercury ore containing the main source. With the evolution of nature, all factors in the environment may contain mercury, forming the natural background of mercury. The background of mercury is very useful in judging the degree of mercury pollution in the environment. The average abundance of mercury in the earths crust is 0.08ppm, and the soil is 0.03 ~ 0.3ppm, and the atmosphere is 0.1 ~ 1.0ppt. Mercury is vapor in the atmosphere, so there is mercury in the rain water with an average concentration of 0.2ppb. The bottom concentration of mercury in water, inland water is 0.1ppb, sea water is 0.03, 2ppb, spring water can reach more than 80ppb, lake water and river water generally not more than 0.1ppb. Human activities cause mercury pollution in water bodies, mainly from chlor alkali, plastics, batteries, electronics and other industrial wastewater. It is estimated that from 1970 to 1979 in the world due to human activities directly to the total water emissions of about 16 thousand tons of mercury emission to the total amount of atmospheric mercury; up to 100 thousand tons; into the total mercury in soil is about 100 thousand tons, while the emission to the atmosphere and soil with water circulation will also return into the water. Because of the natural background, mercury is distributed in the atmosphere, soil and water, so the migration and transformation of mercury occur in the land, water and air. The gaseous and particulate mercury in the atmosphere is released by the wind, and partly by wet deposition or dry deposition, onto the ground or in the water. The mercury in soil can be volatilized into the atmosphere, can also be rushed into the water and rainfall in