失业理论与经济理论评论.pptVIP

Chapter 1 * 对供给学派的评价 税率的下降不可能导致劳动供给的持续增加。 当家庭得到更高的工资收入时，可能工作更多，也可能工作更少。 Chapter 1 * 不同宏观经济学派的验证 模型的差异 当人们是理性的，他们使用真实的模型，但实际上没法知道模型是否是真实的。 只有少量的真实资料验证宏观经济学的各种假说。 GDP is an imperfect measure of transactions to use in calculating velocity because it does not include transactions in intermediate goods or in existing assets, some of which are made using money and do influence the number of times money changes hands during a year. This is contrary to the theory developed in chapter 22, which had the demand for money depending on both income and the interest rate. When people switch assets from M1 to M2, M1 decreases, thus the ratio of GDP to M1 must have gone up. This is not true for M2 because M2 includes M1. With no change in GDP and no change in M2, the velocity of money would not change. Inflation cannot continue indefinitely without increases in the money supply. Based on experience, the notion that monetary and fiscal policy expansions and contractions can “fine-tune” the economy is gone forever. While this controversy is still alive, the focus of current thinking in macroeconomics has been on the new classical macroeconomics. Naive expectations, for example, assume that people form their expectations of future inflation by assuming present inflation will continue. Instead of naively assuming the future will be like the past, they should actively seek to forecast the future. If there were no random, unpredictable events in the economy, and if people knw the true model generating inflation, their forecasts of future inflation rates would be perfect. If there were no random, unpredictable events in the economy, and if people knw the true model generating inflation, their forecasts of future inflation rates would be perfect. Chapter 1 * 针对社会制度病因 反对就业歧视。种族歧视、宗教歧视和性别歧视是导致自然失业增加的重要原因，政府通过立法的手段逐步消除这些歧视。我国户籍制度、所有制歧视和地方主义是劳动力流动最重要障碍。 减少失业者的痛:失业总会有,时而会严重 不可能根除失业，能减少失业者的痛也属无量功德。因此，要建立和完善包括失业保险的现代社会保障制度,保证失业人员基本生活需要进而生命尊严得到满足。 Chapter 1 * 另类思维 前述失业及其治理理论脱不了物质主义和经济主义的窠臼。温饱之后有