“貌”相近意相远的易混词辨析.docVIP

“貌”相近，意相远的易混词辨析英语中有许多拼写相近的单词,有的仅一个字母之差,意义却相差较远,可谓貌相近,意相远.因其貌近,难辨者众,常指鹿为马.其实这些词有很多都是同根生的兄弟姐妹.本文试图把某些常用貌近之词依貌分组列出,结合构词法分析其根,配以语句进行对比,希望能帮助英语学习者辨其貌,知其意.? 　　1. inspect, respect, expect, prospect 　　貌同处spect,词根:看.各相异处前缀in-:里面、内,in + spect 看里面乃为检查;re-:反复、回,re + spect 回头反复看是为尊重;ex-:外面、出,ex + spect 看外面是在期待;pro-:前、朝前,pro + spect 朝前看就是展望、前景. 　　(1) The customs inspectors are inspecting the outgoing baggage. 海关稽查员正在检查出关的行李. 　　(2) The candidate is widely respected and expected to be elected mayor of this city. 候选人广受尊重,有望当选为该市市长. 　　(3) I see little much prospect of his company. 我看他公司发展前景渺茫. 　　2. expose, propose, dispose, compose, oppose, impose 　　貌同处pos,词根 + 结尾字母e:放置.各相异处前缀ex-:外面、出,ex + pose 摆出来是为揭发、暴露;pro-:前、朝前,pro + pose 向前呈引为提出、提议;dis-:分开,dis + pose 分开放置引为布置、安排;com=con-:共同、一起,com + pose 放到一起即为组成、构成;op-:相反,op + pose 置于相反位置引为反抗;im=in:内、里面,im + pose 把……硬置于里面乃把……强加. 　　(1) The leaders opposed the idea of exposing these photos to the public. 领导们反对将这些照片公之于众. 　　(2) Man proposes; God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天. 　　(3) Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧组成的. 　　(4) The director always attempts to impose his idea into every decision that is made by his office staff. 这位主任总是企图把他的个人意见强加于全体工作人员的每一项决定之上. 　　3. express, impress, depress, compress 貌同处press,词根:压.各相异处前缀ex-:外面、出,ex + press 把……压出引为表示、表明;im=in:内、里面,im + press 压入乃铭刻、给留下深刻印象;de-:向下,de + press 使压下就是使沮丧;com=con-:共同、一起,com + press 压在一起即为压缩. 　　(1) Children are encouraged to express feelings of sadness which they may be holding inside. 应当鼓励孩子们把他们可能藏在心里的不愉快表达出来. 　　(2) His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的话深深地铭刻在我心上. 　　(3) News of his father’s death depressed Mr. Zhou; he felt as if a heavy weight had been placed on his spirit. 父亲去世的消息使周先生消沉,他感到心里好像压了一块重石. 　　(4) Compress your composition into a shorter one within 100 words. 把你的作文缩写成100字以内的短文. 　　4. contribute, distribute, attribute 　　貌同处tribute,词根:贡品、献礼.各相异处前缀con-:共同、一起,con + tribute 贡品一起引为贡献、捐献;dis-:分开,dis + tribute 分贡品就是分发;at- 可表原因,at + tribute 表述奉献贡品之由引为归因于