动词时态语态考点聚焦.docxVIP

动词时态语态动词时态 1．时态是动词的一种形式．动词的存在方式和发生的时间的结合，构成时态。时间有现在、过去、将来和过去将来之分；方式有一般、进行、完成和完成进行之分。每一种“时间+方式”就构成一种时态。在十六种时态中，常用的时态有八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。列表如下：现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时完成现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时 2．“一般”表示某动作既不在进行又不确定完成与否的一种广泛意义上的方式。“进行”表示一种持续性的、未完成的动作，它还伴随着其他一些意义，如感情色彩、描述生动性、强调性等。“完成”表示某动作发生在某个时间之前，但动作发生的时间总是未明确指出来。请体会下列句子的含义的差别： l)．The teacher writes his own notes．(经常、习惯性动作) 2)．The teacher is writing his notes now．(正在进行的动作) 3)．The teacher has already written his notes．(现在已完成的动作) 4)．I read a book yesterday evening．(过去时间内结束的动作) 5)．I was reading a book yesterday evening．(过去时间的持续动作) 6)．I have read the book．(现在已完成的动作) 7)．She comes late for school often．(经常、习惯性动作) 8)．She is always coming late for school．(带有不满的感情色彩)焦点1一般现在时的用法意义例句1．表经常性的动作或存在的状态1．What does your father do?2．What is your father?2．表真理或客观存在的事实1．Knowledge is power.2．Time and tide waits for no man.3．表按时间表拟订或安排的事情1．Train 168 leaves London at six.2．The final exam takes place next week.4．表正在发生的动作1．Here comes a bus! 2．How hard it snows!5．用于时间、条件等状语从句表将来1．If you speak slowly, I’ll follow you.2．When you’re in trouble, turn to me for help.焦点2一般过去时的用法意义例句1．表过去经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态1. I always got up late，and never had enough time for supper.2. He was ill for 10 days last month.2．表过去时间内完成的动作或结束的状态1. The book was written by Lu Xun．2. She suddenly fell ill yesterday．3．描述相继发生的过去的动作Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked to his seat.4．在时间、条件等状语从句中表过去将来She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.焦点3一般将来时和过去将来时的用法形式意义例句1．will／shall do sth客观上必将发生的事1. I will / shall be 36 years old next year.2. It will be Christmas and the New Year.临时决定的“意图”、随即产生的想法--I hear Mr. Li is ill.--Oh, I’ll go to see him.2. am(is, are) going to do sth据现有迹象推测将要Look at the clouds．Its going to rain soon．事先考虑的“意图”、早有的打算--Why have you torn the paper?--I’m going to rewrite it.3. be doing sth指安排好要做的事1. I’m doing my experiment tomorrow.2. She’s leav