如何区别直接隐语和间接隐语.docVIP

直接引语与间接引语 一种是将某人说的话一字不改地引用，把它放在引号内，叫“直接引语（direct speech）”；另一种是为了简洁和紧凑，对原话作适当的改变，用自己的话把说话的内容和想法传达给第三者，叫“间接引语（indirect speech）”。 例如：直接引语：Tom said, “I never work on Sundays.” 间接引语：Tom said that he never worked on Sundays. 直接引语变间接引语的一般规则：在间接引语中，时态、代词、状语等应该作相应的变化。 ⑴ 如果引语的引述动词是现在时，我们一般用说话者原话中的时态。如果引述动词是过去时，引语时态应该作相应的变化，具体规则如下： 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 一般将来时 → 过去将来时 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 现在完成时 → 过去完成时 一般过去时 → 过去完成时 过去完成时 → 过去完成时 “I am very busy,” he said. → He says that he is busy. → He said that he was busy. ⑵ 直接引语改为间接引语时，人称代词、指示代词以及时间和地点状语也应作改变。规则如下： this → that these → those my → his/her here→ there now → then today →that day tonight → that night this week→ that week yesterday→ the day before last week→ the week before two days ago→two days before tomorrow→ the next/following day next month → the next/following month 1）。如果主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或者将来时，见解引语中的时态是不变的。 2). 如果间接引语是一般真理、格言时，, 论主句用何种时态，间接引语的时态均不改变。 e.g. The teacher said, “ The earth is round .” The teacher said that the earth is round . Our teacher said , “ The First World War started in 1914 and ended in 1918.” Our teacher said that the First World War started in 1914 and ended in 1918. 3) 如果强调动作和状态现在仍然存在时， 间接引语的时态是不变的。 Just now Tom said , “ My mother is ill today , I have to stay at home .” Just now Tom said that his mother is ill today and he has to stay at home . 各种不同句式的直接引语变为间接引语的方法： ⑴ 直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语由that引导（常省略）。said可改为told。 “I am very tired,” she said She said that she was very tired./ She told me that she was very tired. ⑵ 直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语由连词if或whether引导，并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。said可改为asked。 “Will you go to see the film tomorrow?” Tom said. Tom asked (me) if / whether I would go to see the film the next day. 【注】：当问句包含了一个选择，常选用whether，而不用if。 “Are you ill or just lazy?” they asked. → They asked me whether I was ill or just lazy ⑶ 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 “Which one do you like best?” he asked me. He asked me which one I liked