英汉句子比较与翻译2012.pptVIP

英汉语言比较与句子翻译 ——Angela Hong ?Guide?of?Dog?Beating One?Finger?just?like?a?Pen? Nine Women catching White bones? Sunflower?Bible?(from?a gentleman?to?a?lady?) 英汉句子结构比较 英语重形合（hypotaxis)，汉语重意合（parataxis) 形合主要靠语言本身语法手段（形式手段），意合主要靠句子内部逻辑联系 奈达 《译意》Translating meaning: 就汉语和英语而言，也许在语言学中最重要的一个区别就是形合与意合的对比 (contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis) 英语注重显性衔接（overt cohesion），汉语注重隐性连贯（covert coherence) 傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周。 汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。 英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。 例句： 由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。 Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media. The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 英语句子中，名词与介词占优势 主谓机制：抓住了谓语动词就抓住了英语句子的灵魂。 名词与名词之间的联系要借介词来串通 Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. （7个介词） 卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后突然在一大片绿色草地前停下了。 英汉句子重心的差异 We believe that it is right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side—not just in a passive way but as active friends. 我们认为生活在不同政治社会制度下的各国人民应该共处，不仅仅是消极共处，而是要积极地友好相处，这是正确而必要的。 汉语的习惯是叙事在前，表态在后。英语的习惯是表态在前，叙事在后。 The visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought, to see for myself the achievements of the Chinese people. 这次访问使我有机会亲眼看一看中国人民取得的成就，这是我向往已久的。 I am heartened by the assurance which your Government has repeatedly given that the arrangements for Hong Kong contained in the Agreement are not measures of expediency. 贵国政府一再表示，协议中有关香港的安排不是权宜之计，这种保证使我感到鼓舞。 英语：end-weight头轻脚重，属于主语显著（subject-prominent）语言 It is….to…; there… 英语重视主语的位置及其