由「违方易任」论殷身份之错位.PDFVIP

成大中文學報 第二十期 2008 年 4 月 頁 1-36 國立成功大學中文系 由「違方易任」論殷浩身份之錯位 江建俊＊ 提 要 東晉名士殷浩，以擅長談論，除以「才性四本」論獨擅勝場，且精於知人鑒及 歧黃醫術，又長於《老》、《易》，而為當時清談風流之宗，以聲名籍甚，特被簡 文帝賞識而超拔任用，且引為腹心，倚以重任以制衡權臣桓溫。但殷浩缺乏治國理 世之經綸，更無軍旅奇正之術，故於北伐時節節敗退，而被桓溫彈劾，廢為庶人， 遂浸淫佛經，夷神委命，卻終日書空咄咄，可見難以掩抑其失志懊悔之悲。本文以 論偏才之性，其才有長有短，殷浩談優務劣，本可在人倫鑒識及學術思想上發揮長 才，然以任用錯誤，且執政者促成殷、桓對抗，使內外不協，互相嫌猜，而亂了大 局。可見任用時未能取長棄短，則不但是個人的損失，也徒留國家的禍害。就在於 以一個率任之才，竟擔當國體重任，因為識量不足，實不足以撥亂返治，反自取其 辱，徒使政局更趨混亂，此可引為知人用世者誡。 關鍵詞：殷浩、違方易任、名士風流、談優務劣、才性四本 A Talk About Yinhao’s Being Out of Place by means of “Violating Standard and ＊ 國立成功大學中國文學系教授。 1 成 大 中 文 學 報 第 二 十 期 Changing Appointment” Chiang Chien-Chun Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Cheng Kung University Abstract Yinhao, a celebrity in East Tsin Dynasty, was skilled in discussion. Besides being well-known for “Four Essences of Talent”, he was also good at examining people, medicine, Laotse and the Book of Changes. Because of his fame, Chien-Wen Emperor promoted and appointed him to balance against Huan-Uen. But Yinhao lacked the knowledge and experience in governing a nation and directing military affairs. So he was defeated repeatedly in attacking the north and was impeached by Huan-Uen. After returning to a common person, he was deeply absorbed in the study of Buddhism and resorted to fate. However, he regretted having been in disgrace by talking and saying something nonsense every day. This essay is to talk about specialties, advantages and disadvantages. Yinhao talked well but pract