课件九Marxism马克思主义的诞生.pptVIP

课件九：Marxism  马克思主义的诞生 一、马克思主义诞生的历史条件 二、马、恩在创立科学共产主义理论时期 的实践活动 三、共产主义同盟的建立和《共产党宣言》 的发表 (9-1-1) Marxism: the political,economic and social system, advocated by Marx and Engels and their followers.Its philosophical bases are dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Karl Marx(1818-1883)  马克思 (9-1-2) German economist and social philosopher. With Engels, his friend and collaborator, he published the “Communist Manifesto”(1848). He founded (1864) the First International and published (1867)the first volume of “Das Kapital”. Friedrich Engels (1820-95)恩格斯(9-1-3) German socialist and political philosopher. He spent most of his adult life in England as a manager of cotton mills. He met(1844) Marx,and collaborated with him on many works. After Marx’s death he edited (1885-94) volumes Ⅱand Ⅲ of “Das Kapital”. His own works include “The Condition of the Working Classes in England in 1844”(1845) and “The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State”(1884). Chartist Movement 宪章运动 (9-2-1) A working class movement in (19c.) to achiece the political reform contained in the “ People’s Charter ” (1838). The movement led to riots (1839-42) and organized petitions to parliament (1840,42,48). It collapsed (1848), but most of its aims have been wholly or partly achieved. The Six Points of the People’s Charter 人民宪章的六点要求 (9-2-2) 1. manhood suffrage; 2. vote by ballot; 3. payment of M.P.s; 4. equal to electoral districts; 5. The abolition of property qualification for M.P.s; 6. Annul parliaments; Georg Wihelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) 黑格尔 (9-3-1) German philosopher. His main works include “ Phenomenology of mind ” (1870,《精神现象学》) , “Logic” (1812-16,《逻辑学》), “ philosophy of History”(《历史哲学》），“philosophy of Law”(《法哲学》），“Aesthetics”(《美学》）. Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804-72) 费尔巴哈 (9-3-2) A German philosopher , who defected （背叛、批判）f