2005-2006年雁江区狂犬病流行病学调查分析13例.docVIP

2005-2006年雁江区狂犬病流行病学调查分析13例 　 【摘要】 目的 通过对雁江区2005-2006年13例狂犬病流行病学调查分析，探讨狂犬病发病因素及防制对策。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法，分析狂犬病的发病现状、特征和影响因素。 结果 发病率呈明显上升趋势；发病年龄最小为12岁，最大为79岁，平均发病年龄51.75岁，农民占92.31％（12/13例），小学生占7.69％（1/13例）；夏秋季发病相对集中；暴露后伤口总处理率为38.46%，免疫率30.77%，狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率7.69%；头面部伤者发病最短潜伏期11天，最长潜伏期15天，平均潜伏期为13天。结论 针对目前狂犬病暴露的部位、处置情况、发病特征及存在的主要问题，应采取综合性防制措施：扩大宣传，群众要学会自防，政府应加强犬只管理、加大专项投入，暴露伤口处理须规范，免疫接种应联合，才能更有效的控制狂犬病发病。 【关键词】 狂犬病 流行病学 分析 【Abstract】 The objective of the paper is to discuss outbreak factors and control measures of rabies through epidemiological survey of 13 cases of rabies in Yanjiang District during 2005-2006. Adopting descriptive epidemiology method, the outbreaking disease status, characteristics and factors of rabies are analyzed. The results show that the infection probability of rabies is a clear upward trend. Among these infectious patient, the age of the yougest is 12 years old while the oldest is 79 years old, the average age of inefection is 51.75 years old, 92.31% are farmers, 7.69% are the primary students. The relative concentration of infection is in summer and autumn. Post-exposure treatment rate is 38.46% of total wound, the immunization rate is 30.77% and the rate of rabies immune gloulin is 7.69%. The shortest latency of the injured head and face are 11 days and the longest are 15 days, the averaged latency are 13 days. It is concluded that comprenhensive control measures should be taken for contorlling the outbreak of rabies. In order to more effetely control the infection of rabies, the measures adopted are as follows: people should learn self-defense, the government should strengthen the dog management, exposure of wound should standardize wound management, and immunization should be combined with vaccination. 【Key words】 Rabies Epidemiology Survey 狂犬病是由狂犬病毒引起的中枢神经系统感染的人兽共患传染病，多由携带狂犬病病毒的犬、狼、猫、鼠等动物咬伤或抓伤而感染。全世界每年有5万多人死于狂犬病，而绝大多数病例发生在发展中国家。中国属于人狂犬病严重流行的国家之一，发病数仅次于印度，居世界第二位。临床表现为特有的狂躁、恐惧不安、怕风、恐水、流涎和咽肌痉挛，多数因呼吸衰竭而死亡。近几年来，随着社会经济发展，养犬防盗和宠物热升温，使广大城乡犬密度急剧上升