写作系列化第26讲.docVIP

写作系列化　第26讲　谋篇布局(一) 如何写好开头和结尾 [要点精析]写好文章的开头一般说来高考英语作文的结构通常可分为三个部分即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分写得如何直接影响到文章的质量。而高考阅卷老师面对那么多的试卷需要批阅所以为了提高阅卷效率每批阅一篇作文他通常会先读一下这篇作文的开头和结尾。如此说来一篇英语作文写得好不好最重要的一点是它的开头和结尾1．开门见山直奔主题的开头(议论文How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头：I spent my last vacation happily.2．交待写作目的的开头(议论文、说明文和应用文常用)在文章的一开头就交待写作目的如通过文章要表扬谁批评谁或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”(控制污染)的开头：In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.3．概括性的开头(议论文和说明文常用)即对要在文章中说明或议论的对象做一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But I say that reading books is more valuable than anything else4．交代人物或事件式的开头(记叙文常用)在文章的开头先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan”(金山之旅)的开头：The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan.It took us three hours to take a bus there.The long trip made us tired out5．回忆性的开头(记叙文常用)用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Mount Tai”(泰山之旅)的开头：I remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as if it just happened yesterday.6．介绍环境式的开头(记叙文常用)即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Traffic Accident”(一场交通事故)的开头：It was a rainy and windy morning.The sky was gloomylow and the street was nearly empty.I was walking on my way to school when a speeding car came round the corner. 写好文章的结尾文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想使文章意义表达得更加深刻因此一篇好作文结尾也要有亮点才能使人回味无穷。那么文章的结尾应该怎么写呢？文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的常见的有1．首尾呼应的结尾(记叙文、议论文和说明文常用)在文章的结尾把含义较深的话放在末尾以点明主题深化主题起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her”(我忘不了她)的结尾：After her death regret at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2．重复主题句的结尾(记叙文、议论文和说明文常用)结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Hometown”(我爱家乡)的结尾：I love my hometown and her people.They have changedout to do more for our mother land. 3．顺其自然的结尾(记叙文常用)随着文章的结束文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：I caught as many as twenty fishes in two hoursbathing in the sun.We returned home very late. 4．含蓄性的结尾(记叙文常用)用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾：Evening came before we realized it.We put down our sickles(镰刀)and