紫菀毒性部位及款冬花配伍相杀部位探究.doc

紫菀毒性部位及款冬花配伍相杀部位探究 　 作者：邵静, 金晶, 张勉, 黄芳, 窦昌贵, 韦妍妍 【摘要】 　　目的紫菀与款冬常被作为药对一同使用，有化痰止咳之效。前期研究显示紫菀具有一定毒性，而款冬与之配伍后具有减毒作用。本实验旨在确定紫菀的毒性部位，并找到款冬花与之配伍的相杀部位。方法以小鼠急性毒性为指标，比较紫菀不同溶剂提取物的毒性，选择毒性最大的提取物筛选紫菀的毒性部位；将款冬花不同溶剂提取物与紫菀提取物配伍，选择减毒效果最佳的提取物，通过配伍实验确定款冬花有效降低紫菀毒性的部位，即相杀部位。结果紫菀乙醇提取物的毒性大于水提物，且其毒性随着乙醇浓度的增加而增加，90％醇提物毒性最大；毒性部位追踪结果显示，除醋酸乙酯部位外其他3个部位均未表现毒性，说明其毒性成分集中。款冬花不同提取物与紫菀配伍后，30％乙醇提取物的效果最为显著；相杀部位筛选结果显示，水部位没有减毒效果，醋酸乙酯和正丁醇部位效果相当。结论紫菀的毒性部位为90%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位，款冬花的相杀部位为30%醇提物的醋酸乙酯部位及正丁醇部位。 【关键词】 紫菀 款冬花 配伍 毒性部位 相杀部位 　　Abstract：Objective To find out the toxic part of RA and the part of FF which can effectively lower the toxicity of RA. MethodsWith the death of mice as index, comparing the toxicity of the different solvent extracts of RA, dividing the most toxic one into several different fractions and searching the toxic fraction. Matching the different extracts of FF with the extracts of RA in order to search the FF extract and fractions which can lower the toxicity of RA effectively. ResultsThe ethanol extracts RA was more toxic than its aqueous extract and its toxicity increased when the concentration of ethanol was higher, and the 90% ethanol extract was the most toxic extract. The result on searching the toxic fraction of RA showed that the acetic ether part was the only toxic fraction. Although the different extracts of FF could alleviate RA’s toxicity, the 30% ethanol extract showed the best activity, and the acetic ether and n-butanol parts both showed equivalent antitoxic activity. ConclusionThe toxicant of RA mainly concentrates in the acetic ether part of 90% ethanol extract. The antagonizing fraction from FF is the parts of acetic ether and n-butanol of 30% ethanol extract. 　　Key words：Radix Asteris; Flos Farfarae; Compatibility; Toxic part; Antagonistic part 　　紫菀、款冬花是临床常用的治疗咳嗽的中药，且常配伍使用，《本经疏证》中写道：千金外台咳逆久嗽，并用紫菀款冬者，十方而九。紫菀长于化痰，款冬花优于止咳，在药效学上符合“相须配伍”理论；但对于二者的毒性，历代本草均未记载，《名医别录》中还明确指出，紫菀“辛，无毒”，款冬花“甘，无毒”［1］。 　　紫菀为菊科植物紫菀Aster tataricus L. f. 的干燥根及根茎，款冬花为同科植物款冬Tussilago farfara L.的干燥花蕾。近年来，款冬由