原创力文档accelerated evolution of 3avian foxe1 genes, and thyroid and feather specific expression of chicken foxe1加速进化3 avian foxe1基因,甲状腺和羽毛鸡foxe1的具体表达式.pdfVIP
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accelerated evolution of 3avian foxe1 genes, and thyroid and feather specific expression of chicken foxe1加速进化3 avian foxe1基因,甲状腺和羽毛鸡foxe1的具体表达式
Yaklichkin et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:302
/1471-2148/11/302
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Accelerated evolution of 3’avian FOXE1 genes,
and thyroid and feather specific expression of
chicken FoxE1
1 2 2 2 3*
Sergey Yu Yaklichkin , Diana K Darnell , Maricela V Pier , Parker B Antin and Sridhar Hannenhalli
Abstract
Background: The forkhead transcription factor gene E1 (FOXE1) plays an important role in regulation of thyroid
development, palate formation and hair morphogenesis in mammals. However, avian FOXE1 genes have not been
characterized and as such, codon evolution of FOXE1 orthologs in a broader evolutionary context of mammals and
birds is not known.
Results: In this study we identified the avian FOXE1 gene in chicken, turkey and zebra finch, all of which consist of
a single exon. Chicken and zebra finch FOXE1 are uniquely located on the sex-determining Z chromosome. In situ
hybridization shows that chicken FOXE1 is specifically expressed in the developing thyroid. Its expression is initiated
at the placode stage and is maintained during the stages of vesicle formation and follicle primordia. Based on this
expression pattern, we propose that avian FOXE1 may be involved in regulating the evagination and
morphogenesis of thyroid. Chicken FOXE1 is also expressed in growing feathers. Sequence analysis identified two
microdeletions in the avian FOXE1 genes, corresponding to the loss of a transferable repression domain and an
engrailed homology motif 1 (Eh1) C-terminal to the forkhead domain. The avian FOXE1 proteins exhibit a
significant sequence divergence of the C-terminus compared to those of amphibian and mammalian FOXE1. The
codon evolution analysis (dN/dS) of FOXE1 shows
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