ancient origin of the divergent forms of leucyl-trna synthetases in the halobacteriales古代起源的不同形式leucyl-trna halobacteriales合成酶.pdfVIP

Ancient origin of the divergent forms of leucyl- tRNA synthetases in the Halobacteriales Andam et al. Andam et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:85 /1471-2148/12/85 Andam et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:85 /1471-2148/12/85 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Ancient origin of the divergent forms of leucyl-tRNA synthetases in the Halobacteriales * Cheryl P Andam, Timothy J Harlow, R Thane Papke and J Peter Gogarten Abstract Background: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has greatly impacted the genealogical history of many lineages, particularly for prokaryotes, with genes frequently moving in and out of a line of descent. Many genes that were acquired by a lineage in the past likely originated from ancestral relatives that have since gone extinct. During the course of evolution, HGT has played an essential role in the origin and dissemination of genetic and metabolic novelty. Results: Three divergent forms of leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) exist in the archaeal order Halobacteriales, commonly known as haloarchaea. Few haloarchaeal genomes have the typical archaeal form of this enzyme and phylogenetic analysis indicates it clusters within the Euryarchaeota as expected. The majority of sequenced halobacterial genomes possess a bacterial form of LeuRS. Phylogenetic reconstruction puts this larger group of haloarchaea at the base of the bacterial domain. The most parsimonious explanation is that an ancient transfer of LeuRS took place from an organism related to the ancestor of the bacterial domain to the haloarchaea. The bacterial form of LeuRS further underwent gene duplications an