disturbances of apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus干扰的凋亡细胞间隙系统性红斑狼疮.pdfVIP

Shao and Cohen Arthritis Research Therapy 2011, 13:202 /content/13/1/202 R E V I E W Disturbances of apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus Wen-Hai Shao and Philip L Cohen* may progress to secondary necrotic cell death, a process Abstract associated with danger signals, accessible modifi ed Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multifactorial autoantigens, and initiation of autoimmune reactions. autoimmune disease with an as yet unknown etiopathogenesis. It is widely thought that self- Clearance of apoptotic cells immunization in systemic lupus is driven by defective Efficient recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells clearance of dead and dying cells. In lupus patients, involve many ligands, receptors, and bridging molecules large numbers of apoptotic cells accumulate in between dying cells and phagocytes. In vitro studies have various tissues including germinal centers. In the indicated that this process is tightly controlled and present review, we discuss the danger signals released remarkably complex. by apoptotic cells, their triggering of inl ammatory Early apoptotic cells express eat-me signals through responses, and the breakdown of B-cell tolerance. asymmetric distribution of aminophospholipids such as We also review the pathogenic role of apoptotic cell phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine, and clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus. phosphatidylcholine to the outer leafl et. PS is