hiv–1 dynamics a reappraisal of host and viral factors, as well as methodological issueshiv - 1动态宿主和病毒因素的重新评价,以及方法论的问题.pdfVIP

Viruses 2012, 4, 2080-2096; doi:10.3390/v4102080 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999–4915 /journal/viruses Review HIV–1 Dynamics: A Reappraisal of Host and Viral Factors, as well as Methodological Issues Heather A. Prentice 1,* and Jianming Tang 1,2 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; E–Mail: haprenti@ 2 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; E– Mail: jtang@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E–Mail: haprenti@ Tel.: +1–720–352–3432. Received: 2 August 2012; in revised form: 18 September 2012 / Accepted: 7 October 2012 / Published: 10 October 2012 Abstract: The dynamics of HIV– 1 viremia is a complex and evolving landscape with clinical and epidemiological (public health) implications. Most studies have relied on the use of set–point viral load (VL) as a readily available proxy of viral dynamics to assess host and viral correlates. This review highlights recent findings from population–based studies of set–point VL, focusing primarily on robust data related to host genetics. A comprehensive understanding of viral dynamics will clearly need to consider both host and viral characteristics, with close attention to (i) the timing of VL measurements, (ii) the biology of viral evolution, (iii) compartments of active viral replication, (iv) the transmission source partner as the immediate past microenvironment, and (v) pr