interplay between interferon-mediated innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus相互作用interferon-mediated先天免疫和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒.pdfVIP

Viruses 2012, 4, 424-446; doi:10.3390/v4040424 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Interplay between Interferon-Mediated Innate Immunity and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Yan Sun 1, Mingyuan Han 1, Chiyong Kim 1, Jay G. Calvert 2 and Dongwan Yoo 1,* 1 Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; E-Mails: yansun3@ (Y.S.); mhan10@ (M.H.); ckim102@ (C.K.) 2 Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA; E-Mail: jay.calvert@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: dyoo@; Tel.: +1-217-244-9120; Fax: +1-217-244-7421. Received: 30 January 2012; in revised form: 15 March 2012 / Accepted: 18 March 2012 / Published: 2 April 2012 Abstract: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against viral infection, and in turn, viruses have evolved to evade host immune surveillance. As a result, viruses may persist in host and develop chronic infections. Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are among the most potent antiviral cytokines triggered by viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of pigs that is characterized by negligible induction of type I IFNs and viral persistence for an extended period. For IFN production, RIG-I/MDA5 and JAK-STAT pathways are two major signaling pathways, and recent studies indicate that PRRS virus is armed to modulate type I IFN responses during infection. This review