nanomaterials - acetylcholinesterase enzyme matrices for organophosphorus pesticides electrochemical sensors a review纳米材料u2014u2014乙酰胆碱酯酶酶矩阵对有机磷农药电化学传感器进行审查.pdfVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 4034-4055; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Nanomaterials - Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Matrices for Organophosphorus Pesticides Electrochemical Sensors: A Review Arun Prakash Periasamy, Yogeswaran Umasankar and Shen-Ming Chen * Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road , Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mails: arunprakash.p@ (A.P); uyogesh@ (Y.U.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: smchen78@; Tel: +886 2270 17147; Fax: +886 2270 25238 Received: 15 April 2009; in revised form: 14 May 2009 / Accepted: 25 May 2009 / Published: 26 May 2009 Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important cholinesterase enzyme present in the synaptic clefts of living organisms. It maintains the levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine by catalyzing the hydrolysis reaction of acetylcholine to thiocholine. This catalytic activity of AChE is drastically inhibited by trace amounts of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides present in the environment. As a result, effective monitoring of OP pesticides in the environment is very desirable and has been done successfully in recent years with the use of nanomaterial-based AChE sensors. In such sensors, the enzyme AChE has been immobilized onto nanomaterials like multiwalled carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, zirc