phage display selecting straws instead of a needle from a haystack噬菌体展示选择吸管而不是针从干草堆.pdfVIP

Molecules 2011, 16, 790-817; doi:10.3390/molecule OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Phage Display: Selecting Straws Instead of a Needle from a Haystack Miha Vodnik 1,*, Urska Zager 2, Borut Strukelj 1,3 and Mojca Lunder 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vodnikova 62, Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Slovenia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: miha.vodnik@ffa.uni-lj.si; Tel.: +386-1-47-69-500; Fax: +386-1-42-58-031. Received: 9 December 2010; in revised form: 12 January 2011 / Accepted: 17 January 2011 / Published: 19 January 2011 Abstract: An increasing number of peptides with specific binding affinity to various protein and even non-protein targets are being discovered from phage display libraries. The power of this method lies in its ability to efficiently and rapidly identify ligands with a desired target property from a large population of phage clones displaying diverse surface peptides. However, the search for the needle in the haystack does not always end successfully. False positive results may appear. Thus instead of specific binders phage with no actual affinity toward the target are recovered due to their propagation advantages or binding to other components of the screening system, such