passive and self-powered autonomous sensors for remote measurements被动和电量自给自足自治传感器远程测量.pdfVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 943-960; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Passive and Self-Powered Autonomous Sensors for Remote Measurements Emilio Sardini and Mauro Serpelloni * Department of Electronics for Automation University of Brescia / V. Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; E-Mail: emilio.sardini@ing.unibs.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: mauro.serpelloni@ing.unibs.it Tel.: +39-0303715543; Fax: +39-030380014 Received: 28 January 2009; in revised form: 11 February 2009 / Accepted: 11 February 2009 / Published: 13 February 2009 Abstract: Autonomous sensors play a very important role in the environmental, structural, and medical fields. The use of this kind of systems can be expanded for several applications, for example in implantable devices inside the human body where it is impossible to use wires. Furthermore, they enable measurements in harsh or hermetic environments, such as under extreme heat, cold, humidity or corrosive conditions. The use of batteries as a power supply for these devices represents one solution, but the size, and sometimes the cost and unwanted maintenance burdens of replacement are important drawbacks. In this paper passive and self-powered autonomous sensors for harsh or hermetical environments without batteries are discussed. Their general architectures are presented. Sensing strategies, co