passive and active vaccination strategies to prevent？ricin poisoning被动和主动免疫接种策略,以防止蓖麻毒素中毒.pdfVIP

Toxins 2011, 3, 1163-1184; doi:10.3390/toxins3091163 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning Seth H. Pincus 1, Joan E. Smallshaw 2, Kejing Song 3, Jody Berry 4 and Ellen S. Vitetta 5,* 1 Children‘s Hospital and LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; E-Mail: spincus@s 2 Cancer Immunobiology Center and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; E-Mail: Joan.smallshaw@ 3 Children‘s Hospital, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; E-Mail: ksong@ 4 Cangene Corporation, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5Y3, Canada; E-Mail: jberry@ 5 Cancer Immunobiology Center, Departments Of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ellen.vitetta@; Tel.: +1-214-648-1200; Fax: +1-214-648-1205. Received: 18 July 2011; in revised form: 17 August 2011 / Accepted: 5 September 2011 / Published: 15 September 2011 Abstract: Ricin toxin (RT) is derived from castor beans, produced by the plant Ricinus communis. RT and its toxic A chain (RTA) have been used therapeutically to arm ligands that target disease-causing cells. In most cases these ligands are cell-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These ligand-toxin conjugates or immunotoxins (ITs) have shown success in clinical trials [1]. Ricin is also of concern in biodefense and has been classified by th