origins of altered reinforcement effects in adhd起源adhd的改变钢筋的影响.pdfVIP

Behavioral and Brain Functions BioMed Central Review Open Access Origins of altered reinforcement effects in ADHD Espen Borgå Johansen*1,2, Peter R Killeen1,3, Vivienne A Russell1,4, Gail Tripp1,5, Jeff R Wickens1,6, Rosemary Tannock1,7, Jonathan Williams1 and Terje Sagvolden1,2 Address: 1Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy for Science and Letters, Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 3Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA, 4Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa, 5Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan, 6Neurobiology Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan and 7Research Institute of The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada Email: Espen Borgå Johansen* - e.b.johansen@medisin.uio.no; Peter R Killeen - killeen@; Vivienne A Russell - Vivienne.Russell@uct.ac.za; Gail Tripp - tripp@oist.jp; Jeff R Wickens - wickens@oist.jp; Rosemary Tannock - rosemary.tannock@utoronto.ca; Jonathan Williams - johwilliams@; Terje Sagvolden - terje.sagvolden@medisin.uio.no * Corresponding author Published: 18 February 2009 Received: 4 August 2008 Accepted: 18 February 2009 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009, 5:7 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-7 This article is available from: /content/5/1/7 © 2009 Johansen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of th