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photodynamic inactivation of mammalian viruses and bacteriophages光动力失活的哺乳动物病毒和噬菌体.pdf

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photodynamic inactivation of mammalian viruses and bacteriophages光动力失活的哺乳动物病毒和噬菌体

Viruses 2012, 4, 1034-1074; doi:10.3390/v4071034 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Photodynamic Inactivation of Mammalian Viruses and Bacteriophages Liliana Costa 1, Maria Amparo F. Faustino 2, Maria Graça P. M. S. Neves 2, Ângela Cunha 1 and Adelaide Almeida 1,* 1 Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; E-Mails: lcosta@ua.pt (L.C.); acunha@ua.pt (A.C.) 2 Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; E-Mails: faustino@ua.pt (M.A.F.F.); gneves@ua.pt (M.G.P.M.S.N.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: aalmeida@ua.pt; Tel.: +351-234-370-350; Fax: +351-234-372-587. Received: 11 May 2012; in revised form: 12 June 2012 / Accepted: 13 June 2012 / Published: 26 June 2012 Abstract: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been used to inactivate microorganisms through the use of photosensitizers. The inactivation of mammalian viruses and bacteriophages by photosensitization has been applied with success since the first decades of the last century. Due to the fact that mammalian viruses are known to pose a threat to public health and that bacteriophages are frequently used as models of mammalian viruses, it is important to know and understand the mechanisms and photodynamic procedures involved in their photoinactivation. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize the main approaches developed until now for the photodynamic inactivation