positive regulators of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis积极的监管机构osteoclastogenesis和骨吸收的风湿性关节炎.pdfVIP

Braun and Zwerina Arthritis Research Therapy 2011, 13:235 /content/13/4/235 R E V I E W Positive regulators of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis 1 1,2 Tobias Braun and Jochen Zwerina* See related review by Zhao and Ivashkiv, /content/13/4/234 locally aff ected bones and sites distant of joint infl am- Abstract mation are prone to bone loss. Bone destruction is a frequent and clinically serious Chronic infl ammation is the key mediator for local and event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). systemic bone loss in RA patients. In RA patients, Local joint destruction can cause joint instability and cytokines are abundantly present in the arthritic syno- often necessitates reconstructive or replacement vium as well as secreted into the systemic circulation surgery. Moreover, inl ammation-induced systemic [6,7]. h e discovery of RANKL (Receptor activator of bone loss is associated with an increased fracture NF-kB ligand) in 1998 as a crucial regulator of osteo- risk. Bone resorption is a well-controlled process that clastogenesis opened avenues for the research of is dependent on the dif erentiation of monocytes arthritis-driven bone loss [8]. Since then, several pro- to bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Ini ltrating as well as infl ammatory cytokines have been identifi ed as direct or resident synovial cells, such as T cells, monocytes