quantification of particle-induced inflammatory stress response a novel approach for toxicity testing of earth materials量化的粒子诱导炎性应激反应地球材料的毒性测试的新方法.pdfVIP

Harrington et al. Geochemical Transactions 2012, 13:4 /content/13/1/4 METHODOLOGY Open Access Quantification of particle-induced inflammatory stress response: a novel approach for toxicity testing of earth materials 1 2 1* Andrea D Harrington , Stella E Tsirka and Martin AA Schoonen Abstract Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital regulators of many cellular functions in the body. The intracellular ROS concentration is highly regulated by a balance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. A chronic excess of pro-oxidants leads to elevated ROS concentrations and inflammation, possibly initiating or enhancing disease onset. Mineral-induced generation of ROS, the role of minerals in upregulating cellular ROS, and their role in the development of several occupational diseases are now widely recognized. However, there is no standard protocol to determine changes in ROS production in cells after exposure to mineral dust or earth materials in general. In this study, a new method for determining the degree of cellular toxicity (i.e., cytotoxicity) of particles is described that will help bridge the gap in knowledge. Results: By measuring the production of ROS and the viability of cells, an inflammatory stress response (ISR) indicator is defined. This approach normalizes the ROS upregulation with respect to the number of viable cells at the time of measurement. We conducted experiments on a series of minerals and soils that represent materials that are inert (i.e., glass beads, anatase, and a soil with low trace element content), moderately reactive (i.e., soil with high trace element content), and highly reactive (i.e., pyrite). Inert materials generated the lowest ISR, averaging 350% compared to the control. Acid washed py