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reduction of co2 emissions in houses of historic and visual importance减少二氧化碳排放的历史和视觉的重要性.pdf

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reduction of co2 emissions in houses of historic and visual importance减少二氧化碳排放的历史和视觉的重要性

Sustainability 2010, 2, 443-460; doi:10.3390/su2020443 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article Reduction of CO Emissions in Houses of Historic and Visual 2 Importance Anke van Hal 1,2,*, Birgit Dulski 1 and Anne Marij Postel 1 1 Center for Sustainability, Nyenrode Business University, P.O. Box 130, 3620 AC, Breukelen, The Netherlands; E-Mails: b.dulski@nyenrode.nl (B.D.); am.postel@nyenrode.nl (A.P.) 2 Faculty of Architecture, Department Real Estate Housing, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5043, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: a.vanhal@nyenrode.nl; Tel.: +31-346-291-465; Fax: +31-346-291-220. Received: 10 December 2009 / Accepted: 18 January 2010 / Published: 27 January 2010 Abstract: According to the ‘Climate Programme’ the municipality of Amsterdam has the ambition to reduce the CO2 emissions within the city limits by 40% in the year 2025 compared to the year 1990. To realize this ambition substantial CO2 savings have to be realized at the 375,000 current houses in the city. A special challenge is formed by the houses of historic and visual importance, as the implementation of standard energy saving measures may conflict with the ambition to protect their cultural and historic values. Nyenrode Business University was asked to study the possibilities for a success