relationship between invasive plant species and forest fauna in eastern north america外来植物物种之间的关系,在北美东部森林动物区系.pdfVIP

Forests 2012, 3, 840-852; doi:10.3390/f3030840 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 /journal/forests Review Relationship between Invasive Plant Species and Forest Fauna in Eastern North America Stephanie J. Hayes and Eric J. Holzmueller * Department of Forestry, Center for Ecology, 1205 Lincoln Drive–MC 4411, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; E-Mail: hayess3@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: eholzmue@; Tel.: +1-618-453-3708, Fax: +1-618-453-7475. Received: 29 June 2012; in revised form: 24 August 2012 / Accepted: 24 August 2012 / Published: 12 September 2012 Abstract: Invasive plant species have long been known to cause extensive damage, both economically and ecologically, to native ecosystems. They have historically been introduced by the public, both intentional and not, for a variety of reasons. Many of the woody shrubs, such as Lonicera maackii and Rosa multiflora were introduced for wildlife cover, forage, and ornamental value. These invasives have quickly out-competed native flora, in many cases drastically impacting and changing the environment they inhabit. In this review, chosen species characteristics have been described, their pathway to invasion explained, and their impacts to native wildlife highlighted. Based on a review of the scientific literature, we determined that not all effects by invasive plants are negative. Many positive impacts can be s