review of the application of modern cytogenetic methods (fishgish) to the study of reticulation (polyploidyhybridisation)回顾现代细胞遗传学方法(fishgish)的应用研究网状(polyploidyhybridisation).pdf

Genes 2010, 1, 166-192; doi:10.3390/genes1020166 OPEN ACCESS genes ISSN 2073-4425 /journal/genes Review Review of the Application of Modern Cytogenetic Methods (FISH/GISH) to the Study of Reticulation (Polyploidy/Hybridisation) Michael Chester 1, Andrew R. Leitch 2,*, Pamela S. Soltis 3 and Douglas E. Soltis 1 1 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA; E-Mails: mchester@ (M.C.); dsoltis@ (D.E.S.) 2 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, UK 3 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA; E-Mail: psoltis@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: a.r.leitch@qmul.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-20-7882-5294; Fax: +44-20-8983-0973. Received: 18 May 2010; in revised form: 30 June 2010 / Accepted: 30 June 2010 / Published: 2 July 2010 Abstract: The convergence of distinct lineages upon interspecific hybridisation, including when accompanied by increases in ploidy (allopolyploidy), is a driving force in the origin of many plant species. In plant breeding too, both interspecific hybridisation and allopolyploidy are important because they facilitate introgression of alien DNA into breeding lines enabling the introduction of novel characters. Here we review how fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) have been applied to: 1) studies of interspecific hybridisation and polyploidy in nature, 2) an