ricin detection using phage displayed single domain antibodies蓖麻毒素检测使用噬菌体展示单域抗体.pdfVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 542-555; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Ricin Detection Using Phage Displayed Single Domain Antibodies 1 1 2 1 Ellen R. Goldman , Jinny L. Liu , Rachael D. Bernstein , Marla D. Swain , Stanley Q. Mitchell 3 and George P. Anderson 1,* 1 Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC 20375, USA. 2 Nova Research Inc, 1900 Elkin Street, Suite 230, Alexandria VA 22308 USA 3 Clark Atlanta University, Department of Biological Sciences, Atlanta GA 30314 USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: george.anderson@ Received: 31 October 2008; in revised form: 13 January 2009 / Accepted: / 14 January 2009 Published: 19 January 2009 Abstract: Phage-displayed single domain antibodies (sdAb) were compared to monomeric solubly expressed sdAb and llama polyclonal antibodies for the detection of ricin. SdAb are comprised of the variable domain derived from camelid heavy chain only antibodies (HcAb). Although HcAb lack variable light chains, they as well as their derivative sdAb are able to bind antigens with high affinity. The small size of sdAb (~16 kDa), while advantageous in many respects, limits the number of labels that can be incorporated. The ability to incorporate multiple labels is a beneficial attribute for reporter elements. Opportunely, sdAb are often selecte