risk of parenteral nutrition in neonates—an overview肠外营养的风险neonates-an概述.pdfVIP

Nutrients 2012, 4, 1490-1503; doi:10.3390/nu4101490 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 /journal/nutrients Review Risk of Parenteral Nutrition in Neonates—An Overview Walter Zingg 1,*, Maren Tomaske 2 and Maria Martin 3 1 Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals, rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland 2 Neonatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Stadtspital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8055 Zürich, Switzerland; E-Mail: maren.tomaske@triemli.zuerich.ch 3 Division of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; E-Mail: maria.martin@uniklinik-freiburg.de * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: walter.zingg@hcuge.ch; Tel.: +4 1-22-372-3364; Fax: +4 1-22-372-3987. Received: 15 July 2012; in revised form: 29 August 2012 / Accepted: 25 September 2012 / Published: 16 October 2012 Abstract: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in preterm infants are a challenge to the care of these fragile patients. HAI-incidence rates range from 6 to 27 infections per 1000 patient-days. Most nosocomial infections are bloodstream infections and of these, the majority is associated with the use of central venous catheters. Many studies identified parenteral nutrition as an independent risk factor for HAI, catheter-associated bloodstream infection, and clinical sepsis. Thi