蝇子草属yingzicaoshu.PDF

Flora of China 6: 66– 100. 2001. 21. SILENE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 416. 1753. 蝇子草属 ying zi cao shu Zhou Lihua (周丽华), Wu Zhengyi (吴征镒 Wu Cheng-yih); Magnus Lidén, Bengt Oxelman Cucubalus Linnaeus; Elisanthe (Fenzl) Reichenbach; Gastrolychnis (Fenzl) Reichenbach; Melandrium Röhling; Otites Adanson; Physolychnis (Bentham) Ruprecht; Pleconax Adanson; Viscago Zinn. Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely plants suffrutescent. Stems erect, ascending, or creeping. Leaves subulate, linear or lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic. Flowers bisexual or unisexual; male-sterile flowers frequent in otherwise hermaphroditic plants. Male-sterile flowers often have markedly shorter androgynophores and petal limbs than hermaphroditic flowers. Inflorescence a monochasium, dichasium, thyrse or flower solitary. Calyx tubular, funnel-shaped, campanulate, or ovoid, usually 10-veined, with 5 teeth with ciliate membranous margin; the form of this margin usually varies between teeth in a single calyx. Petals 5, each with a sometimes auriculate claw; limb entire, bifid, 4-fid, or laciniate, variously colored; coronal scales present. Androgynophore ± conspicuous. Stamens 10. Ovary usually with 3 or 5 basal septa; ovules numerous; styles 3 or 5. The protrusion of stamens and styles from calyx mouth are correlated in perfect flowers. Fruit usually a capsule dehiscing with 6 or 10, rarely 5, teeth. Seeds reniform, minute, ± tuberculate, sometimes with abaxial spinose processes or a marginal wing. About 600 species: mainly in N temperate regions, but also in Africa and South America; 110 species (67 endemic) in China. Two species are cultivated in China for their attractive flowers, including Silene pendula Linnaeus and S. gallica Linnaeus. The phylogenetic relationships within Silene are currently under investigation, clearly showing deficiencies in rec