2 lipids脂质.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Lipids Lipids: A chemically diverse group of biological compounds that are classified together on the basis of their general nonpolar structure and resulting poor solubility in water. 10. Lipids metabolism The Main Functions of Membranes: ? Membranes serve as the structural base to which certain enzymes and transport systems are firmly bound ?The two most important energy conversion processes in biological system are carried out by membrane systems(photosynthesis, oxidation phosphorylation) ? Membranes also control the flow of information between cells and their environment Membrane Proteins Membrane proteins can be distinguished from other globular proteins by the high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids they contain. Membrane proteins are of two general types-integral（内在蛋白）and peripheral（外周蛋白）. Lipid Bilayer: A membrane structure that can be formed by amphipathic molecules in an aqueous environment, it consists of two back-to-back layers of molecules, in each of which the polar head groups face the water and the nonpolar tails face the center of the membrane. The fabric of cellular membranes is a lipid bilayers. An integral membrane protein Structure of a typical cell membrane. Membrane Fluidity Biological membranes are fluid in nature. For example, when individual cells with different surface protein markers are fused, the initially separated proteins rapidly mix on the newly formed hybrid. This phenomenon is known as lateral diffusion (侧向扩散）. Experimental demonstration of membrane fluidity The fluidity of a membrane is a function of its lipid composition and temperature. For example, lower temperatures tend to decrease membrane fluidity because the molecules of the lipid bilayer tend to form regular, more rigid gel-like（凝胶状） structures. Higher temperatures favor less regular, more crystalline（液晶状） structures. The temperature at which a membrane converts from crystalline to gel-like structures is referred to as the tra