smoking is associated with, but does not cause, depressed mood in pregnancy – a mendelian randomization study吸烟相关,但不会引起抑郁情绪在怀孕u2014u2014孟德尔随机化研究.pdfVIP

Smoking Is Associated with, but Does Not Cause, Depressed Mood in Pregnancy – A Mendelian Randomization Study 1 1 1,2 2,3 1 Sarah J. Lewis *, Ricardo Araya , George Davey Smith , Rachel Freathy , David Gunnell , Tom 1,2 ` 4 Palmer , Marcus Munafo 1 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2 MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 3 Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, 4 School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Abstract Smokers have a higher prevalence of major depressive episodes and depressive symptoms than the general population, but whether this association is causal, or is due to confounding or reverse causation is uncertain because of the problems inherent in some epidemiological studies. Mendelian randomization, in which a genetic variant is used as a surrogate for measuring exposure, is an approach which may be used to better understand this association. We investigated the rs1051730 single nucleotide polymorphism in the nicotine acetylcholine receptor gene cluster (CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4), associated with smoking phenotypes, to determine whether women who continued to smoke were also more likely to report a low mood during pregnancy. We found among women who smoked pre-pregnancy, those with the 1051730 T allele smoked more and were less likely to quit smoking during pregnancy, but were also less likel