spatial vulnerability bacterial arrangements, microcolonies, and biofilms as responses to low rather than high phage densities空间的脆弱性细菌安排,一个个独立王国,生物膜反应低而不是高噬菌体密度.pdfVIP

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spatial vulnerability bacterial arrangements, microcolonies, and biofilms as responses to low rather than high phage densities空间的脆弱性细菌安排,一个个独立王国,生物膜反应低而不是高噬菌体密度.pdf

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spatial vulnerability bacterial arrangements, microcolonies, and biofilms as responses to low rather than high phage densities空间的脆弱性细菌安排,一个个独立王国,生物膜反应低而不是高噬菌体密度

Viruses 2012, 4, 663-687; doi:10.3390/v4050663 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Article Spatial Vulnerability: Bacterial Arrangements, Microcolonies, and Biofilms as Responses to Low Rather than High Phage Densities Stephen T. Abedon Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 1680 University Dr., Mansfield, OH 44906, USA; E-Mail: abedon.1@; Tel. : +1-419-755-4343; Fax: +1-419-755-4327 Received: 2 February 2012; in revised form: 13 April 2012 / Accepted: 19 April 2012 / Published: 26 April 2012 Abstract: The ability of bacteria to survive and propagate can be dramatically reduced upon exposure to lytic bacteriophages. Study of this impact, from a bacterium’s perspective, tends to focus on phage-bacterial interactions that are governed by mass action, such as can be observed within continuous flow or similarly planktonic ecosystems. Alternatively, bacterial molecular properties can be examined, such as specific phage-resistance adaptations. In this study I address instead how limitations on bacterial movement, resulting in the formation of cellular arrangements, microcolonies, or biofilms, could increase the vulnerability of bacteria to phages. Principally: (1) Physically associated clonal groupings of bacteria can represent larger targets for phage adsorption than individual bacteria; and (2), due to a combination of proximity and similar p