steering a tractor by means of an emg-based human-machine interface驾驶一辆拖拉机通过emg-based人机界面.pdfVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 7110-7126; doi:10.3390/s110707110 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Steering a Tractor by Means of an EMG-Based Human-Machine Interface Jaime Gomez-Gil *, Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez, Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso and Sergio Alonso-Garcia Department of Signal Theory, Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; E-Mails: ijosgon@ribera.tel.uva.es (I.S.-J.-G.); lnicalo@ribera.tel.uva.es (L.F.N.-A.); salonsog@ribera.tel.uva.es (S.A.-G.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jgomez@tel.uva.es . Received: 14 June 2011; in revised form: 4 July 2011 / Accepted: 7 July 2011 / Published: 11 July 2011 Abstract: An electromiographic (EMG)-based human-machine interface (HMI) is a communication pathway between a human and a machine that operates by means of the acquisition and processing of EMG signals. This article explores the use of EMG-based HMIs in the steering of farm tractors. An EPOC, a low-cost human-computer interface (HCI) from the Emotiv Company, was employed. This device, by means of 14 saline sensors, measures and processes EMG and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the scalp of the driver. In our tests, the HMI took into account only the detection of four trained muscular events on the driver鈥檚 scalp: eyes looking to the right and jaw opened, eyes looking to