study design to examine the potential role of assessment reactivity in the screening, motivational assessment, referral, and treatment in emergency departments (smart-ed) protocol研究设计检查筛查评估反应的潜在作用,激励评估、转诊和治疗紧急部门(smart ed)协议.pdfVIP

Donovan et al. Addiction Science Clinical Practice 2012, 7:16 /content/7/1/16 STUDY PROTOCOL Open Access Study design to examine the potential role of assessment reactivity in the Screening, Motivational Assessment, Referral, and Treatment in Emergency Departments (SMART-ED) protocol 1* 2 3 2 4 3 Dennis M Donovan , Michael P Bogenschutz , Harold Perl , Alyssa Forcehimes , Bryon Adinoff , Raul Mandler , Neal Oden5 and Robrina Walker4 Abstract Background: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) approaches to reducing hazardous alcohol and illicit drug use have been assessed in a variety of health care settings, including primary care, trauma centers, and emergency departments. A major methodological concern in these trials, however, is “assessment reactivity,” the hypothesized impact of intensive research assessments to reduce alcohol and drug use and thus mask the purported efficacy of the interventions under scrutiny. Thus, it has been recommended that prospective research designs take assessment reactivity into account. The present article describes the design of the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network protocol, Screening, Motivational Assessment, Referral, and Treatment in Emergency Departments (SMART-ED), which addresses the potential bias of assessment reactivity. Methods/design: The protocol employs a 3-arm design. Following an initial brief screening, individuals identified as positive cases are consented, asked to provide demographic and locator information, and randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: minimal screening only, screening + assessment, or screening + assessment + brief intervention. In a two-stage process, t