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submarine slope failure primed and triggered by bottom water warming in oceanic hydrate-bearing deposits引发的海底滑坡影射、底水变暖海洋hydrate-bearing存款.pdf

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submarine slope failure primed and triggered by bottom water warming in oceanic hydrate-bearing deposits引发的海底滑坡影射、底水变暖海洋hydrate-bearing存款

Energies 2012, 5, 2849-2873; doi:10.3390/en5082849 OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 /journal/energies Article Submarine Slope Failure Primed and Triggered by Bottom Water Warming in Oceanic Hydrate-Bearing Deposits Tae-Hyuk Kwon 1 and Gye-Chun Cho 2,* 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; E-Mail: taehyuk.kwon@ 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: gyechun@; Tel.: +82-42-350-3622; Fax: +82-42-350-3610. Received: 14 May 2012; in revised form: 13 July 2012 / Accepted: 25 July 2012 / Published: 6 August 2012 Abstract: Many submarine slope failures in hydrate-bearing sedimentary deposits might be directly triggered, or at least primed, by gas hydrate dissociation. It has been reported that during the past 55 years (1955–2010) the 0–2000 m layer of oceans worldwide has been warmed by 0.09 °C because of global warming. This raises the following scientific concern: if warming of the bottom water of deep oceans continues, it would dissociate natural gas hydrates and could eventually trigger massive slope failures. The present study explored the submarine slope instability of oceanic gas hydrate-bearing deposits subjected to bottom water warming. One-dimensional coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (T-H-M) finite diffe