suppressing an anti-inflammatory cytokine reveals a strong age-dependent survival cost in mice抑制抗炎细胞因子显示出强烈的年龄相关性生存成本在老鼠身上.pdfVIP

Suppressing an Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Reveals a Strong Age-Dependent Survival Cost in Mice 1 1 1 1 ´ ˆ 2 1 Virginia Belloni *, Bruno Faivre , Romain Guerreiro , Emilie Arnoux , Jerome Bellenger , Gabriele Sorci ´ ´ ´ 1 BioGeoSciences, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5561, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France, 2 Physiopathologie des ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ dyslipidemies, Unite Mixte de Recherche U866, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France Abstract Background: The central paradigm of ecological immunology postulates that selection acts on immunity as to minimize its cost/benefit ratio. Costs of immunity may arise because the energetic requirements of the immune response divert resources that are no longer available for other vital functions. In addition to these resource-based costs, mis-directed or over-reacting immune responses can be particularly harmful for the host. In spite of the potential importance of immunopathology, most studies dealing with the evolution of the immune response have neglected such non resource- based costs. To keep the immune response under control, hosts have evolved regulatory pathways that should be considered when studying the target of the selection pressures acting on immunity. Indeed, variation in regulation may strongly modulate the negative outcome of immune activation, with potentia