t cell responses to human endogenous retroviruses in hiv-1 infection人类内源性逆转录病毒hiv - 1感染的t细胞反应.pdfVIP

T Cell Responses to Human Endogenous Retroviruses in HIV-1 Infection 1[* 2[* 3 2 1 Keith E. Garrison , R. Brad Jones , Duncan A. Meiklejohn , Naveed Anwar , Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu , 1 1 3 4 4 5 Joan M. Chapman , Ann L. Erickson , Ashish Agrawal , Gerald Spotts , Frederick M. Hecht , Seth Rakoff-Nahoum , Jack Lenz6, Mario A. Ostrowski2,7, Douglas F. Nixon1 1 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3 Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 4 Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 5 Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, 6 Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America, 7 St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants of ancient infectious agents that have integrated into the human genome. Under normal circumstances, HERVs are functionally defective or controlled by host factors. In HIV-1- infected individuals, intracellular defense mechanisms are compromised. We hypothesized that HIV-1 infection would remove or alter controls on HERV activity. Expression of HERV could potentially stimulate a T cell response to HERV antigens, and i